Attic Insulation Guide
Attic insulation is the single highest-ROI energy efficiency upgrade for most homes. Heat rises -- in winter, an under-insulated attic lets heated air escape through the ceiling. The Department of Energy estimates that proper attic insulation can reduce heating costs by 10-50% depending on the current insulation level and climate zone.
Target R-values for attics: R-30 in mild climates (DOE zones 1-3), R-38 to R-49 in moderate climates (zones 4-5), and R-49 to R-60 in cold climates (zones 6-8). Tacoma, WA is in zone 4 -- target R-38 to R-49.
If your attic already has some insulation, measure its depth and estimate the current R-value (fiberglass batts: about R-3.2 per inch). Then calculate how much to add to reach your target. You can layer unfaced batts perpendicular on top of existing insulation.